PRESENT OF VERB TO BE
FORMA AFIRMATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA FORMA INTERROGATIVA
I
AM yo soy I AM NOT
yo no soy AM I
? soy yo?
YOU
ARE tu eres YOU ARE NOT tu no eres ARE YOU ? eres tu?
HE/SHE/
IT ... IS el es HE/SHE/IT ... IS el no es IS/SHE/IT ... IT es el?
WE
ARE nosotros
somos WE ARE NOT nosotros no somos ARE WE
? somos
nosotros ?
YOU
ARE vosotros
sois YOU ARE NOT vosotros no sois ARE YOU ? sois vosotros ?
THEY
ARE ellos son THEY ARE NOT ellos no son ARE THEY ? son ellos ?
FORMA
AFIRMATIVA CONTRAIDA FORMA NEGATIVA CONTRAIDA
I’ M yo soy
I’M NOT yo
no soy
YOU’RE tu eres YOU
AREN’T tu no
eres
HE’S/SHE’S/IT’S el es
HE/ SHE/ IT ... ISN’T el no es
WE’RE nosotros somos WE AREN’T nosotros no somos
YOU’RE vosotros sois
YOU AREN’T vosotros no sois
THEY’RE ellos son
THEY AREN’T ellos no son
APOSTROPHE
POSESIVOS PLURALES
MY PARENT’S HOUSE
NOMBRES PROPIOS QUE
TERMINAN EN S
CHARLE’S
ST.JAME’S PARK
ALICE’S DOG
A LAS PROFESIONES SE LES
PONE A /AN DEPENDIENDO SI EMPIEZAN POR VOCAL
HE’S
AN ENGINEER
HES A HAIRDRESSER
PLURALES DE LOS NOMBRES
A LA MAYORIA DE LOS NOMBRES
SE LES AÑADE S
BOOK..........BOOKS
STUDENT.......STUDENTS
SI LOS NOMBRES
TERMINAN EN S
SH CH ,
SE LES AÑADE ES (IZ)
BUS................BUSES
CHURH ........CHURCHES
BUSH............BUSHES
SI EL NOMBRE TERMINA EN CONSONANTE + Y SE
CAMBIA LA Y GRIEGA PORIES
COUNTRY.........COUNTRIES
PARTY.............. PARTIES
SI EL NOMBRE TERMINA EN
VOCAL + Y NO CAMBIA
BOY.........BOYS
KEY.........KEYS
ALGUNOS NOMBRES SON
IRREGULARES:
CHILD..........CHILDREN
PERSON ......PEOPLE
WOMAN .....WOMEN
TAMBIEN HAY ALGUNOS NOMBRES
QUE AUNQUE SE ESCRIBAN EN SINGULAR,
TIENEN
SIGNIFICADO PLURAL.
POLICE.......POLICIA
ARMY.........EJERCITO
LA R
SILENCIOSA
R + VOCAL = /R/................
CHILDREN
R + CONSONANTE = /R/.... SURNAME
R + NADA = /R/ .................. MOTHER
GO (IR A) PLAY(JUGAR)
DEPORTES O ACTIVIDADES DEPORTES CON
PERSONAS Y/O PELOTA
DANCING
FOOTBALL
SKIING (TERMINACION EN ING) BASKET
DRIVING
TENNISS
TERCERA PERSONA DEL
SINGULAR
HAVE..............HAS
TEACH............TEACHES
GO....................GOES
ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS
MY
............................ MI MIS
YOUR......................... TU,SU (DE USTED O DE USTEDES) VUESTRO A OS
AS
HIS............................ SU,SUS,(DE EL)
HER.......................... SU, SUS (DE ELLA)
ITS........................... SU SUS
(DE ELLO)
OUR
.........................
(NUESTRO,A,OS,AS
THEIR.................... THEIR SU,SUS (DE ELLOS
O DE ELLAS)
ADJETIVOS DEMOSTRATIVOS
THIS........................ ESTE,A,O
THAT..................... ESE,A,O, AQUEL,LLA,LLO
THESE.................. ESTOS,AS
THOSE................. ESOS,AS, AQUELLOS,AS
ADJETIVOS INTERROGATIVOS
WHAT.?..................... QUE?
WHICH.?................... QUE (CUAL)?
WHOSE
?................. DE QUIEN?
HOW
MUCH.?.............CUANTO?
HOW
MANY?..............CUANTOS?
EL AUXILIAR “DOES"
ESTE AUXILIAR SOLO SE USA EN
PREGUNTAS,NEGACIONES O RESPUESTAS CORTAS
* HE ? YES SHE
DOES = SI
DOES * SHE ? WHAT SHE
DOES ? = QUE HACE ?
* IT ? NO SHE
DOESN’T = NO
ESTRUCTURA:
AUXILIAR + SUJETO
+INFINITIVO VERBO PPAL.
DOES + SHE +
PLAY ?
ANTES DEL AUXILIAR O DESPUES DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL SE PUEDE PONER
PARA FORMAR LA ORACION LO QUE SE QUIERA ,PERO EL NUCLEO,NUNCA DEBE DE CAMBIAR
WHERE DOES
MARK LIVE ? =WHERE DOES HE LIVE =DONDE VIVE
MARK?
WHAT
DOES HE
DO ? = QUE HACE (EN QUE TRABAJA?)
SIN EMBARGO LA RESPUESTA SERA NORMAL
,PUES SERA AFIRMATIVA(SIEMPRE QUE NO SEA RESPUESTA CORTA QUE PODRIA LLEVAR EL
AUXILIAR DOES.
MARK
LIVES IN BROADWAY.
HE’S
A JOURNALIST
QUE
HACE EL EN SU TIEMPO LIBRE ? = WHAT DOES HE DO IN HIS
FREE TIME ?
JUEGA
AL TENIS =MARK PLAYS TENNIS
CUANTOS
COCHES TIENE TU PADRE ? = HOW MANY
CARS DOES YOUR FATHER HAVE
MY
FATHER HAVE (S ? ) TWO CARS
LE
GUSTA A ELLA TRABAJAR ? = DOES
SHE LIKE WORKING ?
NO
=NO SHE DOESN’T (DASSENT)
TE
GUSTA COMER SPAGHETTIS = DOES YOU EATING
SPAGHETTIS LIKE
SIEMPRE: AUX + SUJETO + VERBO PPAL.
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
Questions with
questions words
answers
WHAT
IS HER SURNAME?
JANE
WHAT
IS HIS JOB?
SHE’S A POLICEMAN
WHAT
IS HER ADDRESS? 34,CHURCH STREET
WHERE
IS SHE FROM?
PORTUGAL
WHERE
ARE YOU FROM?
FRANCE
WHERE
ARE THEY FROM? SPAIN
WHO
IS JENNIFER?
SHE’S JOHN’S DAUGHTER
WHO
IS SHE?
SHE’S JOHN’S DAUGHTER
HOW
OLD IS SHE? TWENTY-TWO
HOW
OLD ARE YOU?
TWENTY-TWO
HOW
MUCH IS A COKE?
SIXTY PENCE
Yes /No questions Short Answers
IS
HE HOT?
YES,HE IS
IS
SHE HOT?
NO,SHE ISN’T
IS
IT HOT?
YES IT IS
ARE YOU MARRIED?
NO I’M NOT /NO,WE AREN’T
ARE
THEY MARRIED?
YES,THEY ARE
Negative
I
AM NOT FROM PARIS I’M NOT FROM PARIS
HE
IS NOT FROM PARIS HE ISN’T FROM PARIS
SHE
IS NOT FROM PARIS SHE ISN’T
FROM PARIS
IT
IS NOT FROM PARIS IT ISN’T FROM PARIS
WE
ARE NOT FROM PARIS WE
AREN’T FROM PARIS
YOU
ARE NOT FROM PARIS YOU AREN’T FROM
PARIS
THEY
ARE NOT FROM PARIS
THEY AREN’T FROM PARIS
Possessive ‘S
MY
HUSBAND’S NAME IS MARTIN
THAT’S ANDREA’S, DICTIONARY
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
PRESENT SIMPLE (1)
Present simple
he,she,it
HE LIVES
IN THE MOUNTAINS
SHE
LIVES IN THE MOUNTAINS
IT
LIVES
IN THE MOUNTAINS
HAVE IS IRREGULAR
SHE
HAS
A DOG NOT SHE HAVES
Negative
HE
DOES NOT LIVE IN FRANCE = HE
DOENS’T LIVE IN
FRANCE
SHE
DOES NOT LIVE IN FRANCE = SHE
DOESN’T LIVE IN FRANCE
IT
DOES NOT LIVE IN FRANCE = IT DOESN’T LIVE IN
FRANCE
Questions
WHERE DOES HE LIVE ?
WHERE DOES SHE LIVE ?
WHERE DOES IT LIVE ?
Yes /no questions Shorts answers
DOES
HE LIVE IN FRANCE ?
YES. HE DOES
DOES
SHE LIVE IN FRANCE ? NO, SHE DOESN’T.
DOES
IT LIVE IN THE MOUNTAINS?
YES, IT DOES
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
Present simple
ATENCION : EN EL PRESENTE SIMPLE
POSITIVO
POSITIVE AÑADIMOS S AL VERBO CON HE,SHE, IT;
PERO NO CON I, YOU, WE Y THEY.
I START AT
6.30
YOU
START AT 6.30
WE START AT 6.30
THEY
START AT 6.30
HE STARTS AT 6.30
SHE
STARTS AT 6.30
IT STARTS AT 6.30
Negative
ATENCION: CON I,YOU,WE,Y THEY EL NEGATIVO
I
DON’T START AT 6.30 ES
DON’T + INFINITIVO.
YOU
DON’T START AT 6.30 CON
HE,SHE,IT EL NEGATIVO
WE
DON’T START AT 6.30 ES DOESN’T + INFINITIVO
THEY
DON’T START AT 6.30
HE
DOESN’T START AT 6.30
SHE
DOESN’T START AT 6.30
IT DOESN’T
START AT 6.30
Questions ATENCION: EL VERBO AUXILIAR EN PREGUNTAS
CON I,YOU,WE,Y THEY ES DO;
WHEN
DO I START ? CON HE,SHE,IT ES DOESN’T
WHEN
DO YOU START ?
WHEN
DO WE START ?
WHEN
DO THEY START ?
WHEN
DOES HE START ?
WHEN
DOES SHE START ?
WHEN
DOES IT START ?
Yes /no questions
Short answers
DO
YOU HAVE A CAMERA ?
NO,I DON’T/ NO,WE DON’T
DO
THEY HAVE A CAMERA ? YES ,THEY DO
DOES
HE
LIKE CHINESE FOOD ? YES, HE DOES
DOES
SHE
LIKE CHINESE FOOD ? NO, SHE DOESN’T
DOES
IT LIKE CHINESE FOOD ? YES,IT DOES
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
ARTICLES
INDETERMINADO
A/AN=UN/
UNA(SINGULAR)
SE USA PARA MENCIONAR UNA COSA POR PRIMERA VEZ
SHE HAS A
FLAT IN LONDON
CAN I HAVE A
HAM SANDWICH ?
SHE’S A NURSE (TRABAJOS)
DETERMINADO
THE= EL,LA,LOS,LAS, (PLURAL,SING.MAS.FEM.)
SE USA CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A
UNA COSA YA MENCIONADA ANTERIORMENTE
THE FLAT (=HER
FLAT) IS VERY NICE
THE HAM
SANDWICH IS HORRIBLE
THE TIMES (PERIODICOS)
THE THAMES,THE SENA
(RIOS)
NO ARTICLES
COSAS EN GENERAL
I
HAVE... TEA AND TOAST FOR BREAKFAST
... BOOKS ARE EXPENSIVE
I
LIKE TALKING ... PHOTOGRAPHS
DO
YOU LIKE ... CHINESE FOOD ?
COMIDAS , SITIOS , TRANSPORTES
I
HAVE... BREAKFAST /LUNCH/DINNER
I
GO/COME ... HOME
I GO/COME
TO ... SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY
/WORK/BED
I’M
AT ... WORK/ ON...HOLIDAY
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
ADVERBS OF FRECUENCY
0%
50% 100%
NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN USUALLY ALWAYS
SOMETIMES &USUALLY
SE
PUEDEN COLOCAR EN CUALQUIER SITIO DE LA FRASE ,AL PRINCIPIO,AL FINAL , O COMO
LOS DEMAS,DELANTE DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL (NO
DEL Auxiliar) .
often,never & always
Siempre se colocan delante del verbo principal ( no del auxiliar)
I NEVER GO TO
CINEMA
THEY DON’T (OFTEN/ALWAYS)
EAT IN RESTAURANT’S
CON
NEVER,NUNCA SE PONE DON’T,PUESTO QUE NO SE PUEDEN PONER DOS
NEGACIONES JUNTAS
THEY
NEVER EAT IN RESTAURANT’S
EVERY
MORNING/EVENING.................. TODOS LOS DIAS /TODAS LAS NOCHES
EVERY
DAY................................................ CADA DIA
EVERY
FRIDAY.......................................... CADA VIERNES
(ONCE)
A WEEK........................................ UNA VEZ A LA SEMANA
(TWICE)
A MONTH.................................... DOS VECES AL MES
(THREE,FOUR,FIVE...)
TIMES A YEAR...TRES,CUATRO,CINCO VECES AL AÑO
ABOUT
ONCE A WEEK.............................. ALREDEDOR DE UNA VEZ A LA SEMANA
PREPOSITIONS
IN, ON, AT, TO, BY, NEAR, WITH
AT =PARA SITIOS
PEQUEÑOS (ARRIVE AT PLACE/A HOTEL/A CINEMA/A STATION
IN = PARA SITIOS
GRANDES ( ARRIVE IN A TOWN/IN A COUNTRY)
THE = SEGUIDO DE PALABRA QUE COMIENZA CON VOCAL SE
PRONUNCIA DI
THE = SEGUIDO DE
PALabra QUE COMIENZA CON
CONSONANTE SE PRONUNCIA DE
REWRITING A TEXT
Keiko Wilson is japanese.But Keiko lives in New York
because Keiko is
married to an American.Keiko
is a interpreter.Keiko
likes New York because New York is interesting,but Keiko husband,Walter,doesn’t
like New York.Walter
wants to leave and live in the country.
Keiko and Walter have two children.Walter the two children
and the two children’s
dog out of the city in Walter’s free time.Walter and the children go
walking in summer and skiing in
winter,but Keiko
doesn’t go with Walter and the
children because Keiko doesn’t have any free
time.
Keiko Wilson is japanese.But she lives in New York because
she is married to an
American.She is an
interpreter.She Likes
New York because it is
interesting.but her
husband,Walter doesn’t like it
.he wants to leave and
live in the country.
They have two children.He takes them
and their dog out of
the city in his free
time.
They go walking in summer and skiing in winter.But she doesn’t go whith them .because she doesn’t have any free
time
PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND
POSSESSIVES ADJECTIVES
PETER DRIVES A CAR
EL SUJETO VA DELANTE DEL VERBO EL VERBO EL OBJETO DE DETRÁS DEL VERBO
PRONOMBRES SUJETO PRONOMBRES
OBJETOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS
I YO
ME MI MY MIO
YOU TU YOU TU YOUR TUYO
HE EL HIM
SU DE EL
HIS SUYO
SHE ELLA HER SU
DE ELLA HER SUYA
IT ESTO IT ESTO ITS ESTOS
WE NOSOTROS US NOSOTROS OUR NUESTROS
THEY ELLOS THEM ELLOS THEIR SUYOS
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
UNITS 1 TO 4 , RESUME(I)
TO BE
AFIRMATIVO CONTRAIDO INTERROGATIVO
I Am
I’m Am
I?
You are
You’re
Are You?
He/She/It/...Is He’s/She’s/Its Is...He/She/It?
We Are
We’re
Are we?
You are
You’re Are you?
They
Are
They’re
Are They?
NEGATIVO NEG.CONTRAIDO
I AM NOT I’M NOT
YOU ARE NOT
YOUREN’T
HE/SHE/ IT
HE/SHE/IT...ISN’T
WERE ARE NOT WE AREN’T
YOU ARE NOT YOU
AREN’T
THEY ARE NOT THEY
AREN’T
IS HE
HOT? YES HE IS
IS SHE
HOT? NO SHE ISN’T
IS IT
HOT? NO IT ISN’T
EL AUXILIAR DOES
SOLO SE USA EN PREGUNTAS,NEGACIONES O
RESPUESTAS CORTAS
AUXILIAR + SUJETO + VERBO PRINCIPAL
WHERE DOES MARK LIVE? MARK LIVES IN BROADWAY
WHAT DOES HE DO? HE’S A JOURNALIST
PREGUNTAS NEGACIONES RESPUESTAS CORTAS
DOES HE? NO HE DOESN’T YES HE DO
DOES SHE? NO SHE DOESN’T YES SHE DO
DOES IT? NO IT DOESN’T YES IT DO
ADJETIVOS
ADJ.POSESIVOS ADJ.DEMOSTRATIVOS ADJ.INTERROGATIVOS
MY MIO THIS ESTE WHAT? QUE?
YOUR TUYO VUESTRO THAT
ESO
WICH? CUAL?
HIS SU (MASC.) THESE ESTOS WHOSE? DE QUIEN?
HER SU (FEM.) THOSE ESOS HOW MUCH? CUANTO?
IT’S SU (NEUTRO) HOW
MANY? CUANTOS?
OUR NUESTRO
THEIR SUYOS (MASC. Y FEM)
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
UNITS 1 TO 4 , RESUME (II)
PLURALES DE LOS NOMBRES
A LA MAYORIA SE LES
AÑADE S
SI LOS NOMBRES TERMINAN EN S,SH,CH.SE LES AÑADE ES
SI EL NOMBRE TERMINA EN CONSONANTE
+ Y;SE CAMBIA Y POR IES
SI EL NOMBRE TERMINA EN VOCAL + Y;NO CAMBIA Y SE LE AÑADE S
LA R SILENCIOSA
R + VOCAL = SE PRONUNCIA
R + CONSONANTE = NO SE PRONUNCIA
R + NADA (FINAL) = NO SE PRONUNCIA
ARTICULOS
INDETERMINADO: A/AN UN/UNA SINGULAR
SE USA PARA MENCIONAR UNA COSA POR
PRIMERA VEZ
DETERMINADO:THE EL,LA,LOS,LAS (Plural,singULAR,MASC. Y FEMENINO)
SE USA CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A UNA COSA YA MENCIONADA.TAMBIEN LLEVAN THE, LOS PERIODICOS
Y LOS RIOS.
NO ARTICULOS
NO LLEVAN ARTICULO
LAS COSAS “EN GENERAL”LAS COMIDAS ,LOS LUGARES Y LOS
TRANSPORTES
I HAVE...TEA
...BOOKS ARE EXPENSIVE
I LIKE
TAKING ...PHOTOGRAPHS
DO YOU LIKE...CHINESE FOOD?
I HAVE ...BREAKFAST/DINNER/LUNCH
i GO/COME...HOME
I GO/COME...SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY/WORK/BED
I GO/COME BY...TRAIN/CAR/BUS/TAXI
there is
hay un/una
there es el sujeto
there are hay
varios
forma positiva
there’s a sofa (there is) singular
there are two
books plural
forma negativa
there
isn’t an
armchair singular
there arent any flowers
plural
forma
interrogativa
is there a table ? singular
are there any photos? plural
( any se pone con plural )
short answers
positivo singular................yes,there is
positivo plural ................... yes,there are
negativo singular............. no,there isn’t
negativo plural................. no there arent
Some / any
 |
oraciones
afirmat. plurales
some
numeros indefinidos oraciones negativ. plurales
any
preguntas plurales
are there any ?
are any ?
directions
excuse
me ,is there
a bookshop .... near here ,please ?
where is the bookshop ?
respuestas
with prepositions
·
go straight on.................siga
recto
·
on the left.........................
a la izquierda
·
on the right......................
a la derecha
·
take the firs/second...
street on...........tome la 1ª,2ª.....calle a
·
turn left..............................tuerce
a la izquierda
·
turn right..........................
tuerce a la derercha
·
go past.................................. PASAR DE LARGO
·
TO CROSS............................... CRUZAR
·
CROSSROADS....................... CRUCE DE CAMINOS
·
ICE RINK................................ PABELLON DE PATINAJE
·
ROUND ABOUT.................... ROTONDA
PRONOMBRES Y ADJETIVOS
DEMOSTRATIVOS
(MASCULINO,FEMENINO
Y NEUTRO)
THIS /THAT/
THESE/ THOSE/
THIS (ESTO/A)SINGULAR..............CERCA DE NOSOTROS
THAT( ESE/A,ESO/A,AQUEL,AQUELLO/A)SINGULAR...LEJOS DE NOSOTROS
THESE (ESTOS/ESTAS)PLURAL
...CERCA DE NOSOTROS
THOSE (ESOS/AS,AQUELOS /AS)PLURAL...LEJOS
DE NOSOTROS
CAN/COULD WAS /WERE
VB PODER Y SABER VB SER Y ESTAR (PRESENTE SIMPLE )
 |
 |
||
CAN...PRESENTE WAS......PASADO
COULD... PASADO WERE
.......PASADO
CAN ES UN VERBO
MODAL, NO LLEVA INFINITIVO (TO)
 |
ABILITY= SABER HACER ALGO
CAN
PERMISSION=PERMISO PARA HACER ALGO
CAN
FORMA AFIRMATIVA:
SUJETO + CAN + VERBO PRINCIPAL
I CAN DANCE
FORMA NEGATIVA:
 |
CANNOT (+FORMAL)
I,YOU,WE...+ CAN + CAN NOT +
VERBO EN INFINITIVO
CAN’T (+INFORMAL)
SUJETO + CAN’T + VERBO PRINCIPAL
I CAN’T DANCE
FORMA
INTERROGATIVA:
Can +
sujeto + verbo principal ?
can you play the piano?
 |
afirmativa: yes, i can
respuestas cortas
negativa
: no,i can’t
PRESENT TO BE IN THE PAST
PAST SIMPLE TENSE
POSITIVO
(ERA)
I WAS YO FUI YO ESTUVE
HE WAS EL FUE EL ESTUVO
SHE WAS ELLA FUE ELLA ESTUVO
IT WAS ESTO FUE ESTO ESTUVO
WE WERE NOSOTROS FUIMOS NOSOTROS ESTUVIMOS
YOU WERE TU fuiste TU estuviste
VOSOTROS FUISTEIS
VOSOTROS ESTUVISTEIS
THEY WERE ELLOS FUERON ELLOS ESTUVIERON
NEGATIVO
(ERA)
I WASN’T YO NO FUI YO NO ESTUVE
HE WASN’T EL NO FUE EL NO ESTUVO
SHE WASN’T ELLA
NO FUE ELLA NO ESTUVO
IT WASN’T ESTO NO FUE ESTO NO ESTUVO
WE WEREN’T NOSOTROS NO FUIMOS NOSOTROS NO ESTUVIMOS
YOU WEREN’T TU NO fuiste TU NO ESTUVISTES
VOSOTROS NO
FUISTEIS VOSOTROS NO ESTUVISTEIS
THEY WEREN’T ELLOS
NO FUERON ELLOS NO ESTUVIERON
INTERROGATIVO
WAS I AT
CINEMA? FUI YO AL CINE ?
WAS HE AT
CINEMA? FUE EL AL CINE?
WAS SHE AT CINEMA
FUE ELLA AL CINE?
WERE WE AT CINEMA?
FUIMOS NOSOTROS AL CINE?
WERE YOU AT CINEMA
FUISTEIS TU/VOSOTROS AL CINE?
WERE THEY AT
CINEMA FUERON ELLOS AL CINE?
SHORT ANSWERS
YES,SHE WAS
NO, SHE WASN’T
YES,THEY WERE
NO, THEY WEREN’T
CAN PAST
SIMPLE TENSE = COULD
POSITIVO EN
PASADO
I COULD YO PUDE
YOU COULD TU/VOSOTROS PUDISTEIS
HE/SHE /IT
COULD EL/ELLA/ESTO/ PUDO
WE COULD NOSOTROS PUDIMOS
THEY COULD ELLOS PUDIERON
NEGATIVO EN PASADO
I COULDN’T YO NO PUDE
YOU COULDN’T TU/VOSOTROS NO PUDISTEIS
HE/SHE/IT
COULDN’T EL/ELLA/ESTO NO PUDO
WE COULDN’T NOSOTROS NO PUDIMOS
THEY COULDN’T ELLOS NO PUDIERON
INTERROGATIVO EN
PASADO
COULD I? YO PUDE?
COULD YOU? TU/VOSOTROS PUDISTEIS?
COULD
HE/SHE/IT? EL/ELLA/ESTO PUDO?
COULD WE? NOSOTROS PUDIMOS?
COULD THEY? ELLOS PUDIERON?
+ INFINITIVO SIN TO
PAST SIMPLE
REGULAR AND IRREGULARS
VERBS
DEPENDIENDO de cómo SE FORMA EL PASADO ,SE SABE SI LOS VERBOS SON
REGULARES O IRREGULARES;ASI PUES LA NORMA GENERAL ES:
SI EL PASADO ES EL INFINITIVO + ED, SON
VERBOS REGULARES
EJ. EARN EARNED
START STARTED
LA TERMINACION ED ES IGUAL PARA TODAS LAS
PERSONAS
EXCEPCION:CUANDO EL INFINITIVO TERMINA EN E SOLO SE
LE AÑADE LA D EJ.
DIE DIED
LA PRONUNCIACION ES CASI IGUAL,SOLO QUE SE HACE UN
ESPECIAL ENFASIS SOBRE LA D FINAL.
EN LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES,NO HA Y NORMAS.ESTAN CONSTRUIDOS
TAL Y COMO ESTAN Y HAY QUE
APRENDERSELOS DE MEMORIA:
EJ.COME =CAME
BUY BOUGHT
EL PASADO DE LOS IRREGULARES,TAL Y COMO PASABA CON
LOS REGULARES ,ES IGUAL PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS.
QUESTIONS AND
NEGATIVES
DID
ES EL PASADO DE DO Y
DOES
DID YOU GO TO CINEMA YESTERDAY?
YES ,I DID
NO,I DIDN’T
CUANDO ESTUDIABAMOS EL AUXILIAR DO/ DOES,VEIAMOS QUE CUANDO ESTE LLEVABA S (DOES ), EL VERBO PRINCIPAL NO LA LLEVABA;
ASI PUES CON EL
PASADO DE DO/DOES=DID,PASA IGUAL: AL LLEVAR DID LA D,EL VERBO PRINCIPAL
NO LA LLEVA
DID
YOU LIVED IN ENGLAND?
SONIDOS DEL
PASADO:
/T/ /d/ /ID/
LOOKED DIED VISITED
LIKED
LOVED
STARTED
FINISHED MOVED NEEDED
EL PRIMERO ES
SORDO,EL SEGUNDO ES SONORO ,Y APENAS HAY DIFERENCIA;
PERO EL TERCERO /ID) SI QUE HAY QUE HACERLO
NOTAR
EJEMPLOS:
DID YOU KNOW THAT
VINCENT VAN GOGH SOLD ONLY TWO OF
HIS PAINTINGS WHILE HE WAS ALIVE?
HE DIDN’T SELL...
DID YOU KNOW THAT
THE ACTRESS SHIRLEY TEMPLE WAS A
MILLIONAIRE BEFORE SHE WAS TEN?
SHE WANS’T MILLIONAIRE...
DID YOU KNOW SHAKESPEARE SPELLED HIS
NAME IN ELEVEN DIFFERENT WAYS
I DIDN’T KNOW THAT SHAKESPEARE...
DID YOU KNOW IN 1979 IT
SNOWED IN THE SAHARA DESERT?
IT DIDN’T KNOW THAT SNOWED ....
DID YOU KNOW THAT KING LOUIS
XIV OF FRANCE HAD A BATH
ONLY THREE TIMES IN HIS
LIFE?
HE DIDN’T HAVE MORE THAN THREE BATHS ...
DID YOU KNOW THAT
THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT GEORGE
WHASHINGTON GREW MARIJUANA IN HIS
GARDEN?
I DIDN´T KNOW THAT....
TIME EXPRESSIONS
 |
MONTHS
YEAR
IN PART OF THE DAY
SEASONS
CENTURIES
DAYS
ON DATES
WEEKENDS
 |
TIME
AT WEEKENDS
NIGHT
NÚMEROS
ORDINALES:
¨
THE FIRST
¨
THE
SECOND
¨
THE THIRD
¨
THE
FOURTH
¨
THE FIFTH
¨
THE
SIXTH
¨
THE SEVENTH
¨
THE
EIGHTH
¨
THE NINTH
¨
¨
THE
ELEVENTH
¨
THE TWELFT
¨
THE
THIRTEENTH
¨
THE TWENTIETH
¨
THE
FOURTIEH
WERE WHEN YOU BORN?
EL 03.04.1992
THE THIRD OF APRIL NINETEEN NINETY TWO
LIKE AND WOULD
LIKE SOME AND ANY
I WOULD=I’d
I WOULD LIKE (M E GUSTARÍA)
i’d like a drink
you’d like a drink
he’d like a drink
she’d like a drink
it’d like a drink
we’d like a drink
they’d like a drink
 |
sin s final
nombres incontables sin articulo
masa y liquidos
|
con s al final
nombres contables con articulo
pueden llevar número
 |
en frases
afirmativas
some can i have? (peticiones interrogativas)
would you like?
(ofrecimientos interrog.)
 |
en preguntas y
frases negativas
any en frases negativas
(exc.peticiones e
Interrogaciones
que van con some)
y nombres en
plural
how much? con nombres
incontables (cuanto/cuanta)
how many? con nombres
contables (cuantos cuantas)
CAN I?
PUEDO YO?
CAN YOU?
PUEDES TU?
COULD i?
PODRÍA YO?
COULD YOU?
PODRÍAS TU?
I LIKE ME
GUSTA
I WOULD(I´d) like
me gustaría
preguntar en pasado o
negaciones:
“did+subjet+infinitIvo sin to”
comPARATIVES
ADJECTIVES
FAST SLOW
SMALL BIG
CLEAN DIRTY
SAFE DANGEROUS
QUIET NOISY
OLD MODERN/YOUNG
HALTHY UNHEALTHY
FRIENDLY UNFRIENDLY
INTERESTING BORING
EXPENSIVE CHEAP
GOOD bad
1. the city is more expensive
than the country
2. the country is cheaper than
the city
3. the city is noisier than
the country
4. the country is safer than
the city
5. the city is more
interesting than the country
6. the country is healthier
than the city
7. the city is better than the
city
solo
en casos excepcionales y muy
coloquiales,se emplea el more + el superlativo “er” (more better) . normalmente
se usa uno u otro.
Formacion del comparativo y del superlativo
existen dos maneras de formar el
comparativo y el superlativo:
·
añadiendo
al positivo –er
para el comparativo y –est para el superlativo
1.
TODOS LOS
MONOSILABOS:
TALL TALLER THE
TALLEST
LONG LONGER THE
LONGEST
SHORT SHORTER THE
SHORTEST
OLD OLDER THE
OLDEST
SAFE SAFER THE
SAFEST
2. LOS BISILABOS TERMINADOS
EN –Y,-ER,-LE,-OW:
HAPPY HAPPIER THE HAPPIEST
NOISY NOISIER THE NOISIEST
DIRTY DIRTIER THE
DIRTIEST
MODIFICACIONES:
LOS TERMINADOS EN –E
SOLO SE LES AÑADE –R Y –ST PARA EL COMPARATIVO Y EL
SUPERLATIVO:NICE NICER THE NICEST
LOS TERMINADOS EN –Y PRECEDIDA DE CONSONANTE TRANSFORMAN
LA Y GRIEGA EN I LATINA:DRY DRIER THE DRIEST.
LOS TERMINADOS EN
CONSONANTE SIMPLE PRECEDIDA DE UNA SOLA VOCAL DE SONIDO BREVE,DUPLICAN LA
CONSONANTE:
BIG BIGGER THE BIGGEST
HOT HOTTER THE HOTTEST
THIN THINNER THE
THINNEST
Anteponiendo al positivo
la palabra more (más) para el comparativo y the
most(el que más) para el Superlativo.
(PARA ADJETIVOS CON DOS
O MAS SILABAS)
BORING MORE BORING THE MOST BORING
BEAUTIFUL MORE BEAUTIFUL THE MOST BEAUTIFUL
INTELLIGENT MORE INTELLIGENT THE MOST BEAUTIFUL
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
GOOD BETTER THE BEST
BAD
WORSE THE WORST
FAR FARTHER THE FARTHEST
HAVE GOT
(got indica posesion)
POSITIVE POSITIVE
I HAVE A CAT I HAVE GOT A CAT (I’VE)
YOU HAVE A CAT YOU
HAVE GOT A CAT (YOU’VE)
WE HAVE A CAT WE
HAVE GOT A CAT (WE’VE)
THEY HAVE A CAT THEY
HAVE GOT A CAT (THEY’VE)
HE HAS A GARDEN HE
HAS GOT A GARDEN (HE’S)
SHE HAS A GARDEN SHE
HAS GOT A GARDEN (SHE’S)
IT HAS A A GARDEN IT
HAS GOT A GARDEN(IT’S)
NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
I DON’T HAVE A DOG I
HAVEN’T GOT A DOG
YOU DON’T HAVE A DOG YOU
HAVEN’T GOT A DOG
WE DON’T HAVE A DOG WE
HAVEN’T GOT A DOG
THEY DON’T HAVR A DOG THEY HAVEN’T GOT A DOG
HE DOESN’T
HAVE A GARAGE HE HASN’T GOT A GARAGE
SHE DOENS’T HAVE A GARAGE SHE HASN’T GOT A GARAGE
IT DOESN’T HAVE A GARAGE IT HASN’T GOT A GARAGE
QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
DO I HAVE ANY MONEY? HAVE
I GOT ANY MONEY?
DO YOU HAVE ANY MONEY? HAVE YOU GOT ANY MONEY?
DO WE HAVE ANY MONEY? HAVE WE GOT ANY MONEY?
DO THEY HAVE ANY MONEY? HAVE THEY GOT ANY MONEY?
DOES HE HAVE A SISTER? HAS HE GOT A SISTER?
DOES SHE HAVE A SISTER? HAS SHE GOT A SISTER?
DOES HIT HAVE A SISTER? HAS IT GOT A SISTER?
SHORT ANWSER
NO,I HAVENT
YES, I HAVE NO,SHE HASN’T YES,SHE HAS
EN PASADO NO HAY GOT!!
HAVE=HAVE GOT / I HAVE = I’VE / I DON’T HAVE = I HAVEN’T GOT
HAY
UNA FORMA DE COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD MUY COMUN:
AS...AS
(TAN/TANTO... COMO)
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS ...BODY
SOME Y
...THING
PREGUNTAS
... WHERE
 |
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
ANY OFRECIMIENTOS Y FAVORES (EN
INTERROGATIVO)
ORACIONES CON EL VERBO EN NEGATIVO
EJ.THERE
ISN’T ANYBODY
 |
NO CON EL VERBO EN POSITIVO
EJ. THERE IS
NOBODY HERE
ESTE
“NO”INDICA NEGACION,ENTONCES DEBE IR EN VERBO EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA!!
EVERYBODY
EVERY
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS
EVERYTHING
EVERYWHERE
CUANDO EL VERBO FUNCIONA COMO
SUJETO,ESTE (EL VERBO),VA EN SINGULAR Y EN TERCERA PERSONA”
EVERYONE TODO EL MUNDO
EVERYBODY TODO
EL MUNDO
NOBODY NADIE
NOWHERE NINGUN SITIO
EVERYWHERE EN
TODAS PARTES
EVERYDAY TODOS LOS
DIAS
EVERYTHING TODAS
LAS COSAS
NOTHING NADA
DIRECTIONS (2)
ALONG A
LO LARGO
DOWN HACIA ABAJO
UP HACIA ARRIBA
INTO HACIA DENTRO
OUT OF HACIA
FUERA
OVER POR ENCIMA
PAST PASAR JUNTO A
THROUGH ATRAVESAR
UNDER POR DEBAJO DE
Present continous
El presente continuo,se forma de la siguiente manera:
verbo ser(en presente simple)+ verbo en infinitivo + ing
ejemplo : i
am +work+ ing = i’m working
El presente
continuo, expresa un hecho o una accion en curso: AHORA!
FORMACION :
terminados el infinitivo en E:
cambia e por ING
come
coming / smoke
smoking
VERBOS
CORTOS CON UNA SOLA VOCAL
(consn
vocal consn),
REPITE LA ULTIMA CONSONANTE :
RUN RUNNING
/ SIT SITTING
/ SWIM SWIMMING
HAY QUE APRENDERSELOS DE MEMORIA:
LIE LYING
/ DIE DYING
LOS TERMINADOS EN Y : SE LES AÑADE ING
STUDY STUDYING
/ PLAY PLAYING
Present continous
SHE’S
HAVING
A SHOWER IN THE BATHROOM
WE ARE
EATING
A SANDIWCH IN THE KITCHEN
SHE’S
WRITING TO HER MOTHER IN THE LIVING ROOM
WE
ARE MAKING A TEA IN THE KITCHEN
HE’S
READING A BOOK IN THE LIVING ROOM
THEY
ARE CLEANING THESE TEETH IN THE BATHROOM
I’M
LISTENING TO MUSIC IN THE LIVING ROOM
THEY
PUTTING ON THE CLOTHES IN THE BEDROOM
WE ARE
PLAYING PING PONG IN THE BEDROOM
HE’S
WASHING THE PLATES (OR WASHING UP)
IN THE KITCHEN
LISTEN! PAT
IS PLAYING THE PIANO
THEY
ARE BUILDING A NEW HOTEL IN THE MOMENT
LOOK! SOMEBODY
IS SWIMMING IN THE RIVER
YOU
STANDING ON MY FOOT.OH I’M SORRY
HURRY UP! THE BUS IS COMMING
WHERE ARE YOU,GEORGE ? IN THE KITCHEN. I’M COOKING A MEAL
HELLO.CAN I SPEAK TO ANN ,PLEASE ? SHE’S
HAVING A SHOWER AT THE
MOMENT,CAN YOU PHONE AGAIN LATER ?
QUE ESTA
OCURRIENDO AHORA?
I’M
NOT WASHING MY HAIR
IT IS
SNOWING
I’M
SITTING ON A CHAIR
I
AREN’T EATING A SANDWICH
IT
ISN’T RAINING
I’M
LEARNING ENGLISH
I’M
NOT LISTENING
I’M
NOT SMOKING A CIGARETTTE
I’M
NOT READING A NEWSPAPER
WHAT IS
SHE READING ?
WHAT IS
HE EATING ?
WHAT IS
SHE CRYING ?
WHAT ARE
THEY LOOKING ?
WHERE IS
HE DOING ?
 |
WHY ARE
THEY LAUGHING ?
ADJETIVOS
POSESIVOS :
LOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS SON LOS QUE COMO SU PROPIO NOMBRE INDICA,
DENOTAN POSESION:
MY HOUSE!
ESTOS
SON:
MY MI...
YOUR TU...
HIS SU (DE EL)...
HER SU (DE ELLA)...
ITS NEUTRO PARA COSAS
OUR NUESTRO...
YOUR VUESTRO...
THEIR ELLOS...
PRONOMBRES
POSESIVOS:
LOS PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS,
TAMBIEN DENOTAN POSESION PERO
SUSTITUYEN AL NOMBRE.(EN ESTE CASO A CASA).
IT’S MINE !
ESTOS
SON:
MINE EL MIO...
YOURS EL TUYO...
HIS LOS SUYOS (DE EL)...
HERS LOS SUYOS (DE ELLA)...
ITS NEUTRO PARA COSAS
OURS LO NUESTRO...
YOURS LO VUESTRO...
THEIRS LO DE ELLOS...
GOING TO (VOY A...)
SE
EMPLEA EN UN FUTURO MAS LEJANO QUE EL PRESENTE CONTINUO,
SE
FORMA ASÍ:
SUBJET+VB TO BE+GOING TO+VERBO EN
INFINITIVO
AFIRMATIVO:
YOU
ARE GOING TO...
NEGATIVO:
YOU
AREN’T GOING TO LEARN...
INTERROGATIVO
WHY IS
SHE GOING TO LEARN... ?
EJEMPLOS
I’M
GOING TO WATCH T.V.
I’M
NOT GOING TO WATCH T.V.
I’M
NOT GOING TO CATCH A BUS
I’M
NOT GOING TO EAT A RESTAURANT
I’M
NOT GOING TO MEET SOME FRIENDS
I’M
GOING TO COOK A MEAL
I’M
NOT GOING TO GO SHOPPING
I’M
GOING TO WASH MY HAIR
I’M
GOING TO DO MY HOMEWORK
GOING TO (VOY A...) 2
TAMBIEN USAMOS GOING TO,CUANDO NOSOTROS PODEMOS VER ALGO “AHORA” QUE SEGURAMENTE SUCEDERÁ EN EL FUTURO:
IT’S
GOING TO RAIN=VA A LLOVER
I’M
GOING TO SNEEZE=VOY A ESTORNUDAR
WE’RE
GOING TO MISS THE BUSS=VAMOS A PERDER EL AUTO..
THEY’RE
GOING TO HAVE A PARTY=VAN A HACER UNA ...
I’M
GOING TO FAIL THE EXAM=VOY A SUSPENDER EL...
HE’S
GOING TO PASS THE EXAM=EL VA A APROBAR EL...
YOU’RE
ARE GOING TO DROP THE PLATES=VAS A TIRAR LOS...
THEY’RE
GOING TO KISS=ELLOS VAN A BESARSE
CUANDO APARECEN LOS VERBOS TO GO Y TO COME SE USA
“GOING Y COMING”
I’M
GOING TO GO TO HOLLAND TOMORROW
SHE’S
GOING TO COME THIS EVENING
HE
WENT TO STATION TO CATCH THE TRAIN
SHE
TURNED ON THE TV TO WATCH THE FILM
ARE
YOU GOING TO THE PUB TO HAVE A BEER ?
DID
YOU OPEN THE DOOR TO GET SOME FRESH AIR
I
PHONED BILL TO TELL THE NEWS
ARE
YOU LEARNING ENGLISH TO GET A BETTER JOB ?
THEY’RE
STUDYING HARD TO PASS THEIR EXAM
I’M
GOING HOME EARLY TO FINISH MY HOMEWORK
ULTIMAS
ANOTACIONES DEL CURSO
What
WAS THE WEATHER
LIKE IN.... QUE TIEMPO HACE EN....
IT WAS SUNNY AND WARM.18 DEGREES CELSIUS
I’M agree.....ESTOY DE ACUERDO
I DON’T AGREE....NO
ESTOY DE ACUERDO
I THINK SO
....... PIENSO QUE SI
I DON’T THINK SO.....PIENSO
QUE NO
I
GONNA= I’M GOING TO
I
WANNA= I WANT YOU
TO =
HACIA (MOVIMIENTO)
HOME
WORK
T =
HACIA (ESTATICO) SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY
 |
RESTAURANTES
AT – LUGARES PEQUEÑOS CASA
ARRIVE
TRABAJO...
CIUDADES
IN – LUGARES GRANDES
PAISES
futuro
PRESENTE CONTINUO:
COSAS
QUE VAN A SUCEDER INMEDIATAMENTE,POR EJEMPLO LAS COSAS QUE SE APUNTAN EN UNA
AGENDA:
I’M MEETING HER TOMORROW
GOING TO:
FUTURO
ALGO MAS LEJANO Y COSAS QUE VEMOS “AHORA”Y QUE VAN A SUCEDER:
IT GOING TO RAIN
WILL=I’WILL=I’LL:
ESPRESA
UN FUTURO CON DECISION! I’LL+INFINITIVO
SIN TO
I’LL RAIN !
SHALL:
ES UN
VERBO AUXILIAR QUE SE USA PARA SUGERENCIAS:SE USA EN PREGUNTAS+ SUJETO EN 1ª
PERSONAL +INFINITIVO SIN TO.
WHAT SHALL WE DO? QUE PODEMOS HACER?
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